• Age: 18
• Grade: 12

Bawdy satirical plays?many starring law clerks and seminarians'savaged corrupt officials and royal policies in fifteenth- and sixteenth-century France. The Church and the royal court tolerated?and even commissioned'such performances, the audiences for which included men and women from every social class. From the mid-sixteenth century, however, local authorities began to temper and in some cases ban such performances.

Sara Beam, in revealing how theater and politics were intimately intertwined, shows how the topics we joke about in public reflect and shape larger religious and political developments. For Beam, the eclipse of the vital tradition of satirical farce in late medieval and early modern France is a key aspect of the complex political and cultural factors that prepared the way for the emergence of the absolutist state. In her view, the Wars of Religion were the major reason attitudes toward the farceurs changed; local officials feared that satirical theater would stir up violence, and Counter-Reformation Catholicism proved hostile to the bawdiness that the clergy had earlier tolerated.

In demonstrating that the efforts of provincial urban officials prepared the way for the taming of popular culture throughout France, Laughing Matters provides a compelling alternative to Norbert Elias's influential notion of the "civilizing process," which assigns to the royal court at Versailles the decisive role in the shift toward absolutism.

Sara Beam is a professor of History at the University of Victoria.

Sara Beam's profile page

• Shortlisted for the Wallace Ferguson Book Prize (C

Sara Beam rightly claims that the story of farce is a useful gauge of the evolving climate of early modern France.... Most fascinating is Beam's account of how, in the early seventeenth century, satire of a type that had decades earlier been found in the theater made its way into printed pamphlets published in the name of noted performers of farce.

Times Literary Supplement

Sara Beams's book is packed with engaging information on the history of farce and its evolution within the political, religious, and cultural contexts of early modern France.... The writing is clear and engaging, and the content never less than interesting. In exploring a topic that has received too little scholarly attention, Beam brings to light the significant relationship between farce and politics in early modern France.

Comparative Drama