Unsettled Remains: Canadian Literature and the Postcolonial Gothic examines how Canadian writers have combined a postcolonial awareness with gothic metaphors of monstrosity and haunting in their response to Canadian history. The essays gathered here range from treatments of early postcolonial gothic expression in Canadian literature to attempts to define a Canadian postcolonial gothic mode. Many of these texts wrestle with Canada’s colonial past and with the voices and histories that were repressed in the push for national consolidation but emerge now as uncanny reminders of that contentious history. The haunting effect can be unsettling and enabling at the same time.
In recent years, many Canadian authors have turned to the gothic to challenge dominant literary, political, and social narratives. In Canadian literature, the “postcolonial gothic” has been put to multiple uses, above all to figure experiences of ambivalence that have emerged from a colonial context and persisted into the present. As these essays demonstrate, formulations of a Canadian postcolonial gothic differ radically from one another, depending on the social and cultural positioning of who is positing it. Given the preponderance, in colonial discourse, of accounts that demonize otherness, it is not surprising that many minority writers have avoided gothic metaphors. In recent years, however, minority authors have shown an interest in the gothic, signalling an emerging critical discourse. This “spectral turn” sees minority writers reversing long-standing characterizations of their identity as “monstrous” or invisible in order to show their connections to and disconnection from stories of the nation.

Cynthia Sugars is an associate professor in the Department of English at the University of Ottawa, where she teaches Canadian literature and postcolonial theory. She is the author of numerous essays on Canadian literature and has edited two collections of essays on Canadian postcolonial theory. She is co-editor, with Laura Moss, of a new anthology of Canadian literature, Canadian Literature in English: Texts and Contexts (2008).

Gerry Turcotte is the executive dean of the College of Arts and Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Sydney. He is the past president of the Association for Canadian Studies in Australia and New Zealand (ACSANZ), past secretary of the International Council for Canadian Studies (ICCS), and founding director of the Centre for Canadian-Australian Studies (CCAS). He is the author of numerous books.

Cynthia Sugars' profile page

I migrated to Australia some 15 years ago, but have continued to return home three or four times a year — invariably in winter. It's ironic, perhaps, that it should have been from this extraordinarily hot island continent that I began to negotiate my way through my semi-autobiographical novel, Flying in Silence, set in Montreal. Why is it that we so often need not just separation, but a radical change of scenery, in order to see where we've come from? And how was it that an English country like Australia should have been so useful to me in my quest to look at language issues in Quebec — and especially, to tell the story of a child caught between landscapes, languages and allegiances?

In many ways it makes perfect sense. The sub-tropical climate has had the effect of making me long for the clear, crisp cold of Montreal, when blizzards could turn the landscape white in seconds. The remembrance has been visceral, and I have used this greedily in my book. Just as we are often attracted to opposites, so it's been with Australia, opening a door to memory.

We often need exile to talk about landscapes that are too close. And certainly this was the case with the subject of Flying in Silence. For close to 15 years now I have struggled to talk about the distance that language and travel can produce on memory. My novel is autobiographical in many key dimensions, though it is also fiction in important ways. But the autobiographical component, ironically, was given voice by my migrant status in Australia, where subtle differences in language, and the process of thinking, for so many years, about how we are understood — or not — helped me, finally, to shape the story of a son who abandons — betrays? — his roots, his language, his heritage.
Flying in Silence, a novel about a child whose father doesn't speak English and whose mother doesn't speak French, is in my view, a novel about mistranslations. In both comic and darker moments, characters speak but aren't necessarily heard. Confessions are made but aren't grasped until it's too late. And one of the metaphors for this is the father's continual building of structures which he never completes. Modelled on my own father, the fictional character is continuously knocking together temporary walls, balconies, roofs, only to tire of the effort and move on to other things, leaving incompletion in his wake. The store he builds as a four foot by four foot shack in an empty field on the edge of town, grows monstrously, developing tentacles and appendages: a basement, a second storey, a balcony which becomes a bedroom, a veranda that becomes a living room. But nothing is stable, and as the family struggles to survive, the house and store are sub-divided, rented out, transformed or abandoned. This, it seems to me, is how so many live their lives. We branch out in different directions, change our minds, err in our decisions or lose interest altogether. And the struc

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• Short-listed, ACQL Gabrielle Roy Prize for Literary Criticism

Rigorously selected and effectively argued, these essays convincingly demonstrate the eerie presence of a Gothic sensibility in Canadian literature refracted through a postcolonial lens, in many cases drawing attention to little-studied, extremely contemporary texts.... Unsettled Remains provides a broad survey of the postcolonial Gothic in contemporary Canadian literature; while certain themes and theoretical approaches are bound to recur, such as the image of the ghost, haunting, trauma, and Catholicism, with contributors invoking Freud's uncanny, Kristeva's abject, the postcolonial theories of Fanon, Bhabha, Said, and Anderson as well as the writings on trauma of Caruth and La Capra, there is also a great deal of variety in theoretical approaches adn certainly in the range of primary texts analyzed. For too many US readers perhaps, the Canadian itself stands in the position of the uncanny—that which is familiar but different; Unsettled Remains offers a challenging but engaging gateway not only into Canadian literature, but it also provides useful discussions of both Gothic and postcolonial theory. As Andrews asserts about Monkey Beach, ‘[a]pproaching Robinson's text through the Gothic is especially helpful for drawing readers beyond the Haisla community into an unfamiliar and mysterious world ripe with imaginative possibilities because it is a familiar set of conventions’ (223), we might say that Unsettled Remains offers scholars of the fantastic a similar entry into the all-too-often unexplored territory of ‘CanLit.’

Amy J. Ransom, Journal of the Fantastic in the Arts, Vol. 23, No. 1, 2012, 2012 October

Unsettled Remains: Canadian Literature and the Postcolonial Gothic is a strong anthology.... [I]ts essays...are inherently conversant in the uncanny fashion that is the focus and foundation of their origins. In this anthology Sugars and Turcotte bring together an admirable range of writers, whose various positions allow voice and space to many of the “uncanny reminders of [Canada's] problematic history.

Erin Wunker, Dalhousie University, The Dalhousie Review, Spring 2010, 2010 July

[Each chapter] 'seeks to find ways of knowing, articulating, and memorializing the horrors of the past and to account for their haunting trace in the present in a meaningful and ethical way' (Shelley Kulperger). This consistency gives the volume momentum as it proceeds, as its essays often draw on the same sources although not always to reach the same conclusions. Its admirable goals of disclosure, redress, and healing are sought not just in the novels studied—the novel is the favourite form—but through the perspicacity of critics who untwist the stories' twisted, gothic shapes and put them to therapeutic use, 'doing a certain kind of cultural cathartic work, enabling Canadians to speak the crime that has no name' (Cynthia Sugars).... The value of the collection is in exploring [its] assumptions so rigorously, in showing that something truly is at stake in studying gothic forms. The essays are also admirable individually: all are closely argued, earnest, well-documented, and scholarly.

Jon Kertzer, University of Calgary, English Studies in Canada, 35 #4, 2009, 2010 March

The essays in Unsettled Remains focus on how subjective and national identities in Canadian literature have been formed through notions of interiority and unsettlement, and through the haunting necessarily inherent in a postcolonial context: through what Sugars and Turcotte name as Gothic ‘experiences of spectrality and the uncanny’. Monsters, ghosts, tricksters, and other supernatural characters figure prominently in all of the volume's essays, therefore, as metaphors of the many repressed histories brought on by our colonial past, and as representations of the ability for ‘monstrous’ others to ‘talk back’ to dominant narratives.

Heather Latimer, Canadian Literature, 208, Spring 2011, 2011 July