This collection of 37 essays by Canada’s Confederation Poets is the first in a series of volumes intended to collect all the significant essays on poetic theory written in English by Canadian poets from the late nineteenth century to the first decades of the twenty-first. These essays follow a long tradition among poets of the West to articulate in prose what their poetry is about, why they write in a particular form, how they regard language, and whom they consider mentors, equals or inferiors in the practice of their craft. Above all, the essays concern the specific social, cultural and political circumstances under which poetry is created.
The Confederation Poets reflects their Romantic preoccupation with Nature and the ideals of Beauty and Truth, placing great value on imperial (Victorian) notions of formal structures in art and poetry. All born in Canada in the early 1860s, these poets came to maturity after Confederation, and all were men, members of the sex most qualified (according to the gender assumptions of the time) to celebrate in poetry the nation-building enterprise of the immense and young Dominion of Canada. Not all of them shared an explicit desire to see Canada become a republic, but all of them believed in the importance of poetry to the creation and expression of a distinctive nationality, an assumption rooted in the defining characteristic of their age—nineteenth century European nationalism of which Young Ireland was an offshoot, as were Young England, Young Italy and Young Germany.
As the First World War was drawing to a close, they knew an era had ended. Bliss Carman wrote on April 5, 1917: I doubt if any of the men who came to maturity before the great war will be able to find the new key, the new mode, the new tune.

Robert Hogg was born in Edmonton, Alberta, grew up in the Cariboo and Fraser Valley in British Columbia, and attended UBC during the early Sixties where he was associated with the Vancouver TISH poets and graduated with a BA in English and Creative Writing. In 1964 he hitchhiked east to Toronto, then visited Buffalo NY where Charles Olson was teaching. After spending a few months in NYC, Bob entered the graduate program at the State University of NY at Buffalo, completed a PhD and took a job teaching American and Canadian Poetry at Carleton University in Ottawa for the next thirty-eight years.Hogg’s collections include Lamentations; The Cariboo Poems; Postcards, from America; and The Vancouver Work. His publications include: The Connexions, Berkeley: Oyez, 1966; Standing Back, Toronto: Coach House, 1972; Of Light, Toronto: Coach House, 1978; Heat Lightning, Windsor: Black Moss, 1986; There Is No Falling, Toronto: ECW, 1993; and as editor, An English Canadian Poetics, The Confederation Poets – Vol. 1, Vancouver, Talonbooks, 2009; and from Lamentations, Ottawa: above/ground, 2016.

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D.M.R. Bentley is a Distinguished University Professor and the Carl F. Klinck Professor in Canadian Literature at the University of Western Ontario and has published widely in the field of Victorian literature. Among his publications are editions of Charles G.D. Roberts’s Canadian Poetry in Its Relation to the Poetry of England and America, Bliss Carman’s Letters to Margaret Lawrence 1927–1929 and The Confederation Group of Canadian Poets, 1880–1897, an authoritative study of Canada’s first school of poets. Bentley wrote the introduction to An English Canadian Poetics.

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“Never before or since in Canada have poetry, poetics, environment, identity, and national distinctiveness been more closely intertwined.”
—D.M.R. Bentley