As development donors invest hundreds of millions of dollars into improved crops designed to alleviate poverty and hunger, Africa has emerged as the final frontier in the global debate over agricultural biotechnology. The first data-driven assessment of the ecological, social, and political factors that shape our understanding of genetic modification, Africa's Gene Revolution surveys twenty years of efforts to use genomics-based breeding to enhance yields and livelihoods for African farmers. Matthew Schnurr considers the full range of biotechnologies currently in commercial use and those in development - including hybrids, marker-assisted breeding, tissue culture, and genetic engineering. Drawing on interviews with biotechnology experts alongside research conducted with more than two hundred farmers across eastern, western, and southern Africa, Schnurr reveals a profound incongruity between the optimistic rhetoric that accompanies genetic modification technology and the realities of the smallholder farmers who are its intended beneficiaries. Through the lens of political ecology, this book demonstrates that the current emphasis on improved seeds discounts the geographic, social, ecological, and economic contexts in which the producers of these crops operate. Bringing the voices of farmers to the foreground of this polarizing debate, Africa's Gene Revolution contends that meaningful change will come from a reconfiguration not only of the plant's genome, but of the entire agricultural system.

Matthew A. Schnurr is associate professor in the Department of International Development Studies at Dalhousie University.

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"[Africa's Gene Revolution] offers valuable insights into debates surrounding GM crops in Africa as well as broader agricultural development interventions on the continent, informed by data driven research that is more nuanced than most existing scholarship on the topic. The book offers a more balanced evaluative framework to assess the merits of GM technologies, based on the three critical issues of context, methods, and scale. Such systematic analysis fosters more holistic scientific knowledge that can influence agricultural development interventions and policies to respond more effectively to the needs of Africa's resource-con-strained smallholder farmers." Canadian Journal of Development Studies / Revue canadienne d'études du

"Africa's Gene Revolution presents a balanced analysis of the GMO debate in countries across the continent. It draws on an impressive diversity of case studies to highlight the nuanced challenges of GM crops in Africa, paying particular attention to the social, political, and economic conditions surrounding technological change in African agriculture." Noah Zerbe, Humboldt State University