Lawrence Summers has served as Chief Economist of the World Bank, U.S. Secretary of the Treasury, President of Harvard, and most recently as President Obama’s director of the White House National Economic Council. He served as a key policymaker in the Treasury Department throughout the administration of President Bill Clinton, and he was Secretary of the Treasury from 1999 to 2001. He is one of the youngest tenured professors in the modern history of Harvard University, and he is the only social scientist to receive the National Science Foundation’s $500,000 Alan T. Waterman Award for Scientific Achievement. He is also the recipient of the John Bates Clark Medal for his work in several fields of economics. Summers is the Charles W. Eliot University Professor at Harvard University's Kennedy School of Government.