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Interviews, Recommendations, and More

Angela Sterritt: The Legacy of Violence Against Indigenous Women in Canada

For many Indigenous people, the vicious slaying of Tina Fontaine was just one more tragedy among the close to 1200 women documented as murdered or missing in Canada.

Angela Sterritt Art

Credit: Angela Sterritt. "Honour the Dead, Fight for the Living, Honour the Living, Fight for the Dead." 3.5 ft x 4.5 ft. Acrylic on canvas. 

Talking History focuses on a wide range of topics in Canadian history, and it consists of articles by Canada's foremost historians and history experts. Our contributors use the power of narrative to bring the past to life and to show how it is not just relevant, but essential to our understanding of Canada and the world today. "Talking History" is a series made possible through a special funding grant from the Department of Canadian Heritage.

Angela Sterritt is an award-winning journalist, artist, and filmmaker from the Gitxsan Nation. She's been a working journalist for over 15 years and is currently a CBC reporter in television, radio and online. She was recently awarded a prestigious William Southam Journalism Fellowship—the first Indigenous person of Canada to receive the award since its inception in 1962.

*****

Stepping onto the sandy shores of the Red River, a Winnipeg man and his son noticed a bundle floating on the sun-tinged water. It was later found to be the lifeless body of a petite 15-year-old Anishnaabe girl, wrapped in a bag.

The news of Tina Fontaine’s murder in the summer of 2014 flooded the headlines as thousands of shocked Canadians took to the streets to demand action.  At a press conference, a Winnipeg police sergeant said, “Society should be horrified by the violent death of a child.” Members of Parliament stood up in the House of Commons stressing the need to have a national conversation about violence against Indigenous women. There was no question: justice was needed for a girl who had perished before her life even seemed to begin.

But for many Indigenous people, as troubling as the vicious slaying was, the news was all too familiar. It was just one more tragedy among close to 1200 Indigenous women documented as murdered or missing in Canada—a disturbing pattern spanning decades. 

Helen Betty Osborne is one of those tragic stories, one of the most high profile cases in Canada and one of only a handful of murdered or missing Indigenous women that many Canadians know by name.

Betty, as friends and family called her, was walking home from a dance in The Pas, Manitoba, on the night of November 13th, 1971, when she was approached by four young white men who asked her to “party.” When she refused one of the men jumped out of the car and forced her into the back seat between two men who sexually and physically assaulted her. They drove her out of town to an isolated area where they brutally beat her and stabbed her over fifty times with a screwdriver, finally leaving her for death. 

In search for answers as to why such violence happens, advocates look at the vulnerability of Indigenous women, pointing to age and social and economic marginalization. Sometimes stories illustrate experiences of poverty, abuse, and addictions. However, too often, a girl or a woman’s vulnerability is simply insofar as she is Indigenous.

"Too often, a girl or a woman’s vulnerability is simply insofar as she is Indigenous."

For 19-year-old Osborne, the injustice of her brutal murder didn’t stop the night she died. Her murderers were not brought to justice for 16 years, while rumours tore through the community like wildfire, the killers even bragging about the assault and killing. During the trial, both journalists and the Crown spoke to townspeople who claimed the circumstances of Osborne’s death had been no secret.

The 1988 Aboriginal Justice Inquiry into the murder of Helen Betty Osborne suggested that “because Osborne was an Aboriginal person, the townspeople considered the murder unimportant. Allegations of racism, neglect, and indifference, on the part of the citizens of the town, the police and of the Attorney General’s department, were made.”

Navigating this dark sea of tragedy for many Indigenous people has been a lonely road and an uphill battle—one marked by several decades of public apathy. The 2014 RCMP report into Missing and Murdered Indigenous women sparked a public outcry, but families of missing and murdered women have been voicing these concerns for over 50 years.

"The 2014 RCMP report into Missing and Murdered Indigenous women sparked a public outcry, but families of missing and murdered women have been voicing these concerns for over 50 years."

Helen Betty Osborne’s story is not just about the murder of an Indigenous woman  surrounded by a code of silence. It is about a national culture in Canada that is marred with racism—including regular segregation, harassment, assault, and yes, murder. This racism is rooted in Canadian relations with Indigenous people that began in the early nation-building years.

The history of violence against Indigenous women can be traced to colonization, systemic racism, denial of culture, language and traditions, and laws designed to destroy identity, dislocate, and fragment families. Canadian history books and shared experiences reveal that part of the colonial project was to dehumanize Indigenous women to justify any concurrent violations and abuses—to ultimately gain access to and power over Indigenous land.

Residential school, legislation in the Indian Act, and partnerships created between the federal government and the Indian brotherhood laid the early foundations of denigrating Indigenous women. In order to access land and power in Indigenous country, the forefathers of Canada needed to eliminate those responsible to it. For most that meant the backbones of Indigenous communities—the women. This rationale of removal is documented in Canadian academic and news archives.

This history has shaped our current reality, a legacy of gendered racism reinforcing the long silence surrounding the violence experienced by First Nations, Inuit, and Métis women. It is important for people to recognize the intricate history that lies behind these women’s stories and those of their families, and to understand how this history continues to play out and shape our behaviors in Canada still.

Bravery to Truth

Credit: Angela Sterritt. "Bravery to Truth." With permission from Rinelle Harper and her mother. Graphic design.

It would be unfair to say that nothing has changed since the 1970s. Awareness has grown of violence against Indigenous women, Indigenous populations are rising and some of our people are now in powerful roles in Canada—university professors, journalists, lawyers, doctors, and government workers—creating dialogue and impact on many fronts. Non-Indigenous people more and more have a thirst to learn not just about the stories of colonial devastation, but to listen to Indigenous narratives that illustrate equality, empowerment, truth, and justice.

"It would be disingenuous to say that violence against Indigenous women has changed to a degree that things are getting better."

But it would be disingenuous to say that violence against Indigenous women has changed to a degree that things are getting better. Tina Fontaine’s aunt recently received hate mail explicating their family members “... are nothing but a bunch of drunken Indians."  Online comments on news stories show that some people think the situation of missing and murdered Indigenous women is a result of girls and women thrusting themselves into unsafe situations. The numbers of those missing and murdered have not slowed down, and there has been no uptick in charges against those responsible for violence against Indigenous women.

The rampant violence against Indigenous women in this country has spurred a Missing Women’s Commission of Inquiry; a report by the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR), affiliated with the Organization of American States: a United Nations Special Rapporteur envoy and report; an Amnesty International investigation; an Aboriginal Justice Inquiry; countless international and national economic, social and Indigenous forums; and now a national federal roundtable with public debates surrounding the need for a national inquiry.

But has all this made a difference? This issue has only recently reached national headlines, with the public becoming aware of the problem and beginning to seek answers as to what has gone so wrong. Though surely one would think that, as families, advocates, and journalists have been pushing the relevance of this story for decades, some answers would come to light long ago. So what has changed about the conversation now? 

Perhaps it has to do with timing, human growth and development, and an ability to finally see how history unfolds and overflows into the present when it is not recognized as existing at all.  As my mother once said, “When history is swept under the carpet, it does not go away, it simply grows and transforms into something bigger and often worse.”

Conceivably Canada as a nation has reached the maturity level to finally tackle the hard and demanding issues, the problems that have no one single simple conclusion or solution.

And maybe, if I push myself to hope beyond, it has to do with our country building awareness based on compassion and love, and an altruistic desire to create a better nation of Indigenous and non-Indigenous people working together towards common goals of safety, mutual understanding and equality.

Regardless, I ask you, the reader, to honor the lives of these women— not just Tina, or Betty, but the 1200-plus daughters, nieces, mothers, grandmothers, sisters, granddaughters and friends, many of whom are named below—by asking yourself why their lives were taken prematurely and why these people's lives and their memories have not been respected in the way they ought to have been. Most important, I ask you to think of how you can be a part of changing this horrific legacy of violence.

"I ask you to think of how you can be a part of changing this horrific legacy of violence."

**

The following lists the names of missing and murdered Indigenous women and girls in Canada as of March 1, 2015. It was compiled by Maryanne Pearce, a federal public servant who created a database on missing and murdered women as part of her LL.D. thesis for the University of Ottawa's law school, and appears here with her permission. Pearce's list was developed by cross-referencing newspaper articles, police websites and reports, court documents and other public sources. Her 2013 dissertation is called "An Awkward Silence: Missing and Murdered Vulnerable Women and the Canadian Justice System." Pearce's work was recognized in the 2014 RCMP’s report on missing and murdered Indigenous women. 

The remaining names (roughly 200) that make up the RCMP’s number 1187 missing and murdered Indigenous women are difficult to locate without police Canadian Police Information Center (CPIC) information.

Pearce’s list includes only cases of missing or murdered Indigenous women that police are investigating as suspicious. Cases deemed non-foul play have been removed. 

1.     Yvonne

Abigosis

 

1984

BC

2.     Sereena

Abotsway

29

2001

BC

3.     Sally

Abou

 

1992

BC

4.     Sharon

Abraham

 

2000

BC

5.     Christine

Ackabee

43

2006

AB

6.      Chelsey

Acorn

14

2005

BC

7.      Rachel

Adams

23

2004

BC

8.      Jackie

Adams

30

1996

ON

9.      Hilda

Agawa

63

2009

ON

10.     Bernadette

Ahenakew

22

1989

AB

11.     Laura

Ahenakew

22

1990

SK

12.     Inusiq

Akavak

39

2000

NU

13.     Nina

Akbarian

3

1996

ON

14.     Debrah

Akhiatak

 

1996

NU

15.     Teresa

Aklunark

64

2009

NU

16.     Shannon

Alexander

17

2008

QC

17.     Annette

Allan

 

2001

BC

18.     Elaine

Alook

35

2004

AB

19.     Maria

Amarualik

57

2010

NU

20.     Adrienne

Amikons

14

1997

ON

21.     Martha

Ammaq

23

1988

NU

22.     Shelley

Anderson

30

2005

SK

23.     Leah

Anderson

15

2013

MB

24.     Samantha

Anderson

23

2012

MB

25.     Shelley

Anderson

51

2009

ON

26.     Joni

Andre

22

2004

NWT

27.     Patricia

Andrew

 

1985

BC

28.     Abigail

Andrews

28

2010

BC

29.     Edith

Angalik

25

2014

NU

30.     Ida

Angotigirk

41

2013

QC

31.     Lisa

Anstey

21

1997

ON

32.     Cassandra

Antone

20

1997

BC

33.     Molly

Apsassin

58

1994

BC

34.     Wendy

Arnault

23

2003

SK

35.     Lorraine

Arrance

40

2003

BC

36.     Sharon

Arrance

 

 

BC

37.     Elena

Assam-Thunderbird 

17

2002

 ON

38.     Elisapi

Assapa

31

2003

QC

39.     Susan

Assin

 

1974

ON

40.     Venecia 

Audy

3

2006

MB

41.     Cynthia

Audy

27

2004

MB

42.     Laverna

Avigan

 

 

BC

43.     Allison

Ayalik

7

1998

NU

44.     Michelle

Ayalik

13

1998

NU

45.     Linda

Backfat

40

2006

AB

46.     Shelly

Bacsu

16

1983

AB

47.     Cynthia

Badarm

37

2014

AB

48.     Desiree

Badger

15

2014

AB

49.     Marilyn

Badger

52

2006

AB

50.     Celine

Bahsler

 

1993

SK

51.     Chystal

Baker

35

2002

BC

52.     Karen

Baker

 

1986

BC

53.     Louise

Baker

22

2010

MB

54.     Sylvia

Ballantyne

40

2003

AB

55.     Alice

Ballantyne

46

2005

SK

56.     Jean

Ballantyne

63

2010

SK

57.     Jenilee

Ballantyne

22

2013

MB

58.     Emily

Ballantyne

24

1991

MB

59.     Heather

Ballantyne

40

2013

SK

60.     Marie

Banks

18

1983

MB

61.     Lora

Banman

23

1999

BC

62.     Gloria

Baptiste

 

 

BC

63.      Jordena

Baptiste

22

2003

AB

64.      Dawns

Baptiste

31

2015

AB

65.      Marlene

Barbeau

47

2007

QC

66.      Amanda

Bartlett

17

1996

MB

67.      Immaculate

Basil

26

2013

BC

68.      Janet

Basil

33

 

BC

69.      Chrystal

Beairsto

23

2003

PEI

70.      Lisa

Bear

20

2001

BC

71.      Richelle

Bear

23

2013

SK

72.      Lori

Bearbull

37

2014

MB

73.      Geraldine

Beardy

29

2009

MB

74.      Annette

Beardy-Spence

 

2013

MB

75.      Victoria

Beatty

 

1954

ON

76.       Nadine

Beaulieu

1

1996

MB

77.       Rose Mary

Beaver

32

1994

AB

78.       Dillon

Belanger

4

2010

MB

79.       Samantha

Belcourt

12

2004

AB

80.       Patricia

Belcourt

18

2001

AB

81.       Ginger

Bellerose

26

2001

AB

82.       Deanna

Bellerose

 

2002

AB

83.       Leanne

Benwell

27

2007

AB

84.       Edna

Bernard

28

2002

AB

85.       Jane

Bernard

 

1966

ON

86.       Noa

Bernard

72

2007

NS

87.       Jeaniel

Berreault

22

2010

BC

88

Bertrand

 

2010

 

89.       Danita

Bigeagle

22

2007

SK

90.       Kyra

Bighetty

0

2007

MB

91.       Skye

Bighetty

8

2013

MB

92.       Christine

Billy

 

 

BC

93.       Shawna

Bird

16

2001

AB

94.       Angel

Bird

23

2010

AB

95.       Farro

Bird

19

2005

SK

96.       Mary Ann

Birmingham

16

1986

NU

97.       Vickie

Black

 

1993

BC

98.       Cheryl

Black

46

2004

AB

99.       Alice

Black

31

2008

NWT

100.      Margaret

Blackbird

21

1951

SK

101.      Gloria

Blackplume

 

1991

AB

102.      Lorna

Blacksmith

18

2012

MB

103.      Lizzie

Blacksmith

15

1973

QC

104.      Cindy

Blazek

23

1986

SK

105.      Jacqueline

Bob

41

2004

BC

106.      Celestine

Bob

 

1962

BC

107.      Nancy

Bob

 

1990

BC

108.      Tricia 

Boisvert

36

2014

QC

109.      Lisa Marie

Bone-Spence

17

2009

MB

110.      Hilary

Bonnell

16

2009

NB

111.      Liz

Bonney

 

1992

ON

112.      Francis

Boon

69

2012

MB

113.      Dahleen

Bosse

 

2004

SK

114.      Barbara

Bostrom

26

1986

ON

115.      Bernice

Bottle

36

1988

ON

116.      Misty

Boudreau

13

1991

BC

117.      David

Boulanger

28

2004

MB

118.      Denise

Bourdeau

39

2006

ON

119.      Rebecca

Boutilier

20

1993

AB

120.      Jessica

Boysis

20

2014

AB

121.      Eileen

Bradburn

50

2002

MB

122.      Deena

Braem

17

1999

BC

123.      Pauline

Brazeau

16

1976

AB

124.      Bella

Brian

15

1973

QC

125.      Tanya

Brooks

38

2009

NS

126.      Delores

Brower

 

2004

AB

127.      Marlissa

Brown

15

2007

BC

128.      Melanie

Brown

31

2004

BC

129.      Ada

Brown

39

2001

BC

130.      Lara

Brown

26

1998

AB

131.      Cecil

Brown

 

1984

ON

132.      Christine

Browne

16

1991

BC

133.      Annette

Bruce

 

 

 

134.      Leona

Brule

 

1989

NWT

135.      Jacqueline

Bruno

18

2010

AB

136.      Fonessa

Bruyere

17

2007

MB

137.      Jodi

Bryant

21

2010

SK

138.      Stephanie

Buboire

30

2004

MB

139.      Vanessa

Buckner

27

1987

BC

140.      Marlene

Buffalo-Hudson

23

 

BC

141.      Carol

Buggins

48

2012

NWT

142.      Cindy

Burk

21

1990

BC

143.      Maggie

Burke

 

2004

AB

144.      Monica

Burns

28

2015

SK

145.      Caroline

Burns

52

1973

SK

146.      Chantelle

Bushie

16

2007

AB

147.      N.

C.

13

2005

AB

148.     

Cahoose

 

 

BC

149.      Sandy

Calahasen

 

1993

Y.K.

150.      Belinda

Cameron

46

2005

BC

151.      Robin

Cameron

29

2006

SK

152.      Constance

Cameron

20

1984

MB

153.      Evaline

Cameron

19

1995

ON

154.      Roxanne

Campbell

38

2002

BC

155.      Joan

Campbell

36

2003

SK

156.      Bernadette

 Campo

 

BC

 

157.      Loretta

Capot-Blanc

31

1997

BC

158.      Michela

Cardinal

12

2001

BC

159.      Carol

Cardinal

 

 

BC

160.      Gail

Cardinal

21

1983

AB

161.      Jessica

Cardinal

24

1997

AB

162.      Juanita

Cardinal

27

2006

AB

163.      Joyce

Cardinal

35

1993

AB

164.      Jeanette

Cardinal

40

2011

AB

165.      Valerie

Cardinal

40

2004

AB

166.      Monica

Cardinal

46

1993

AB

167.      Marie

Cardinal

 

1953

NWT

168.      Dawn

Carisse

43

2001

ON

169.      Angel

Carlick

19

2007

Y.K.

170.      Marie

Carlson-Hill

31

2012

AB

171.      Loran

Carpenter

 

 

BC

172.      Monica

Carpenter

16

2013

MB

173.      Leone

Carpenter

 

1989

ON

174.      Patricia

Carpenter

14

1993

ON

175.      Terri

Carson

15

1981

BC

176.      Kim

Casimer

21

1989

BC

177.      Kristen

Catcheway

2

1993

MB

178.      Jennifer

Catcheway

18

2008

MB

179.      Chantelle

Cathcart

23

2011

SK

180.      Charlene

Catholique

15

1990

NWT

181.      Annie

Cedar

 

 

BC

182.      Melilssa

Chaboyer

35

2005

MB

183.      Marcia

Charette

 

1987

AB

184.      Mathilda

Charles

 

 

BC

185.      Jacqueline

Charles

31

2004

SK

186.      Sherry

Charlie

1

2002

BC

187.      Chassidy

Charlie

17

2011

BC

188.      Donna

Charlie

22

1990

BC

189.      Roxanne

Charlie

26

2009

BC

190.      Mary Ann

Charlie

 

 

BC

191.      Louise

Chartrand

17

1981

BC

192.      Connie

Chartrand

 

1981

BC

193.      Donna

Chartrand

 

1998

BC

194.      Tara

Chartrand

30

2012

SK

195.      Judy

Chescue

22

1988

AB

196.      Jeanette

Chief

48

2007

SK

197.      Heather

Chinnock

 

2001

BC

198.      Lana

Chipesia

23

2011

BC

199.      Tamara

Chipman

22

2005

BC

200.      Michelle

Choiniere

24

2005

BC

201.      Christina

Christison

27

2002

BC

202.      Colette

Cimon

39

1993

NB

203.      Bethany

Clement

15

2002

BC

204.      Shirley

Cletheroe

45

2006

BC

205.      Holly

Cochrane

 

 

BC

206.      Justine

Cochrane

15

2011

AB

207.      Leigh

Cochrane 

 

2003

MB

208.      Sharla

Collier

20

2002

AB

209.      Linda

Condo

 

1988

QC

210.      Carolyn

Connolly

54

2008

ON

211.      Amanda

Cook

14

1996

MB

212.      Hazel

Coombs

0

2001

AB

213.      Audrey

Cooper

35

2006

MB

214.      Mary

Corbiere

76

2010

AB

215.      Charmaine

Corrigal

32

2014

NWT

216.      Elise

Cote

48

2012

SK

217.      Ada

Court

13

1981

BC

218.      Alicia 

Courtoreille-Brignall 

2007

BC

 

219.      Pauline

Crane

15

2015

MB

220.      Jaylene

Crane

19

2006

MB

221.      Jacqueline

Crazybull

44

2007

AB

222.      Yvonne

Crazybull

 

1991

AB

223.     

Creighton

 

1960

AB

224.      Dawn

Crey

43

2000

BC

225.      Faith

Crey

 

 

AB

226.      Laura

Cross

 

2001

NS

227.      Unice

Crow

19

2013

MB

228.      Daisy

Curley

33

2008

NU

229.      Tanya

Curry

 

1999

BC

230.      Beverly

Custer

34

2014

MB

231.      Jennifer

Cusworth

19

1993

BC

232.      Sonya

Cywink

31

1994

ON

233.      Corrine

Dagnault

 

 

BC

234.      Colleen

Daignault

13

1981

BC

235.      Catherine

Daignault

40

1989

BC

236.      Antoinette

Daniels

26

2004

SK

237.      Terrie

Dauphinais

24

2002

AB

238.      Crysta

David

20

1992

BC

239.      Carol

Davie

 

 

BC

240.      Carol

Davis

29

1987

BC

241.      Maryann

Davis

25

2005

ON

242.      Deanna

Daw

 

2000

ON

243.      Rose

Decoteau

43

2005

AB

244.      Aliyah

Degrasse

2

2011

NU

245.      Alexandra

Degrasse

7

2011

NU

246.      Carol

Deiter

32

 

BC

247.      Shelly

Dene

26

2013

AB

248.      Lana

Derrick

19

1995

BC

249.      Charmaine

Desa

20

1990

AB

250.      Beverley

Desjarlais

 

 

BC

251.      Judy

Desjarlais

29

1997

AB

252.      Janice

Desjarlais

35

2010

AB

253.      Naomi

Desjarlais

21

1987

SK

254.      Cassandra

Desjarlais

24

2013

SK

255.      Marie

Desjarlais

 

1986

SK

256.      Yvonne

Desjarlais

63

2012

NWT

257.      Patsy 

Desmarais

4

2004

MB

258.      Karla

Desrosiers

45

2007

ON

259.      Shelley

Devoe

44

2006

BC

260.      Sarah

deVries

29

1998

BC

261.      Stacey

Diabo

18

2003

ON

262.      Judy

Dick

14

1975

BC

263.      Mary

Dick

40

2002

BC

264.      Judy

Dickie

38

2004

AB

265.      Diane

Dobson

36

1995

ON

266.      April

Dobson

40

2005

ON

267.      Jane

Doe 005

20-24

 

BC

268.      Jane

Doe 010

24-25

 

AB

269.      Jane

Doe 015

 

1987

ON

270.      Person

Doe 016

0

1987

SK

271.      Jane

Doe 019

70

1991

NFLD

272.      Jane

Doe 020

50-65

 

BC

273.      Jane

Doe 022

33

 

BC

274.      Jane

Doe 033

35-40

 

SK

275.      Jane

Doe 046

35-50

 

ON

276.      Jane

Doe 048

30-50

 

ON

277.      Jane

Doe 050

30-60

 

AB

278.      Jane

Doe 052

22

2006

SK

279.      Jane

Doe 055

34-62

 

AB

280.      Jane

Doe 062

4

2009

AB

281.      Jane

Doe 064

16

2010

ON

282.      Jane

Doe 065

16

2013

BC

283.      Jane

Doe 072

35-50

 

MB

284.      Jane

Doe 074

23

2013

NU

285.      Jane

Doe 075

15

2013

QC

286.      Jane

Doe 080

 

2014

AB

287.      Jane

Doe 085

 

2014

NU

288.      Jane

Doe 091

1

2014

MB

289.      Elizabeth

Dorion

44

1999

MB

290.      Suzanne

Dube

22

1998

NS

291.      Cheryl

Duck

15

1987

MB

292.      Nancy

Dumas

75

1987

MB

293.      Velma

Duncan

18

1972

BC

294.      Gloria

Duneult

 

 

BC

295.      Jackaleen

Dyck

23

1980

MB

296.      Marguerite 

Dyson

51

1996

NFLD

297.      Jean

Eagle

28

1968

QC

298.      Roseanne

Eaglestick

23

2014

MB

299.      Nora

Eaglestick

 

1977

MB

300.      Glennis

Edwards

48

2006

BC

301.      Mupaloo

Eegeesiak

0

1993

NU

302.      Roberta

Elders

 

2001

BC

303.      Chrystal

Elk

37

2011

MB

304.      Adrienne

Ermine

37

2010

SK

305.      Mary

Evans-Harlick

24

2002

NFLD

306.      Karen

Ewanciw

11

1975

AB

307.      Darelle

Exner

14

1996

SK

308.      Barbara

Eyapaise

24

2002

AB

309.      Oolayou

Eyesiak

51

1986

NU

310.      Patricia

Favel

18

1984

SK

311.      Roberta

Ferguson

19

1988

BC

312.      Jerry

Ferguson

 

 

BC

313.      Chantel

Ferguson

 

 

 

314.      Vikki

Ferrando

30

1999

BC

315.      Brenda 

Fidler

 

1986

BC

316.      Sandra

Flamond

 

 

BC

317.      Roxanne

Fleming

18

1982

BC

318.      Amanda

Flett

 

 

BC

319.      Mildred

Flett

51

2010

MB

320.      Leticia

Fleury

25

2011

SK

321.      Georgette

Flint

 

1988

AB

322.      Elaine

Flowers

21

1981

SK

323.      Elaine

Flowers

20

1985

NFLD

324.      Tina

Fontaine

15

2014

MB

325.      Sheila

Fontaine

42

2011

MB

326.      Summer

Fowler

16

2012

BC

327.      Sharon

Fox

43

2010

AB

328.      Scentri

Fox

3

1995

SK

329.      Rena

Fox

38

2003

ON

330.      Lisa

Francis

41

2009

BC

331.      Cassandra

Francis

21

 

AB

332.      Lorilee

Francis

 

2007

AB

333.      Loretta

Frank

19

1989

Y.K.

334.      Maryse

Fréchette

17

2007

QC

335.      Leanne

Freeman

23

2011

ON

336.      Helen

Frost

17

1970

BC

337.      Roswitha

Fuchsbichler

15

1980-1982

BC

338.      Jennifer

Furminger

28

1999

BC

339.      Kimberley

Gallup

 

1990

BC

340.      Jewel

Gambler

28

1992

SK

341.      Arabella

Garson 

34

2007

MB

342.      Martha

Garvin

 

 

 

343.      Sylvia

Gaudet

52

2005

ON

344.      Sandra

Gaudet

14

1990

QC

345.      Lisa

Gavin

21

1988

BC

346.      Martha

Gavin

 

 

BC

347.      Melanie

Geddes

24

2005

SK

348.      Corona

Genaille

0

2007

SK

349.      Ruby

Genaille

45

2004

MB

350.      Tashina

General

21

2008

ON

351.      Christa

George

27

2003

BC

352.      Norma

George

30

1992

BC

353.      Brenda

George

 

 

BC

354.      Helena

George

 

 

BC

355.      Marina

George

 

 

BC

356.      Mary

George

 

2005

BC

357.      Pamela

George

28

1995

SK

358.      Graffie

George

 

1967

Y.K.

359.      Alisha

Germaine

 

1994

BC

360.      Joanne

Ghostkeeper

24

1996

AB

361.      Helen

Gillings

19

1995

ON

362.      Michelle

Ginnish

22

2004

NB

363.      Cindy

Gladue

36

2011

AB

364.      Nancy

Gladue

 

1981

AB

365.      Angelica

Godin

15

2012

MB

366.      June

Goforth

4

2012

SK

367.      Kelly

Goforth

21

2013

SK

368.      Mary

Goodfellow

67

1993

SK

369.      Freda

Goodrunning

35

2014

AB

370.      Sonya

Goodstriker

31

2005

AB

371.      Kari

Gordon

 

1997

BC

372.      Clara

Gordon

16

1958

ON

373.      Sharon

Gosselin

31

1987

AB

374.      Marie

Goudreau

17

1976

AB

375.      Frances

Grant

33

1989

BC

376.      Alexis

Grant

1

2005

AB

377.      Linda

Green

18

1975

MB

378.      Andrea

Grey

 

1999

AB

379.      Amber

Guiboche

20

2010

MB

380.      Sylvia

Guiboche

20

2003

MB

381.      Rene

Gunning

 

2005

AB

382.      Rebecca

Guno

23

1983

BC

383.      Michele

Gurney

29

1998

BC

384.      Tracy

Guthrie

39

2006

BC

385.      Margaret

Guylee

 

1965

ON

386.      Janice

Hackh

 

1979

BC

387.      Michelle

Hadwen

37

2009

AB

388.      Chantelle 

Halcro

25

2012

MB

389.      Elizabeth

Halkett

19

2003

SK

390.      Savannah

Hall

3

2001

BC

391.      Heather

Hamill

31

2003

BC

392.      Dianna

Hamm

43

1991

MB

393.      Nicolle

Hands

32

2003

MB

394.      Ruby

Hardy

32

1998

BC

395.      Doreen

Hardy

18

1966

ON

396.      Maureen

Harper

54

2011

MB

397.      Esther

Harper

55

2008

MB

398.      Vera

Harry

 

1986

BC

399.      Veronica

Harry

 

 

BC

400.      Violet

Heathen

 

2009

SK

401.      Candace

Henderson

 

1999

MB

402.      Levina

Henry

19

1967

BC

403.      Janet

Henry

37

1997

BC

404.      Wendy

Henry

20

2007

MB

405.      Violet

Herman

40

2002

BC

406.      Éliane 

Hervieux

36

2000

QC

407.      Joyce

Hewitt

22

1997

AB

408.      Joanne

Hoeppner

28

2008

MB

409.      Susan

Holens

15

1989

MB

410.      Angela

Holm

16

2009

MB

411.      Deborah

Holmes

46

2001

PEI

412.      Pamela

Holopainen

22

2003

ON

413.      Tanya

Holyk

 

1996

BC

414.      Anette

Holywhiteman

 

2008

AB

415.      Rita

Holy-White-Man

 

1989

BC

416.      Jeanette

Hootsie

19

2005

SK

417.      Tracy

Hope

 

 

BC

418.      April

Hornbrook

24

2011

MB

419.      Victoria

Hornbrook

24

1993

MB

420.      Jennifer

Horne

20

2007

NS

421.      Priscilla

Horse

15

1997

SK

422.      Cherisse

Houle

17

2009

MB

423.      Cheryl

Humchitt

 

1993

BC

424.      Sheila

Hunt

 

 

BC

425.      Monica

Ignas

15

1974

BC

426.      Theresa

Innes

36

2005

AB

427.      Leanne

Irkootee

22

2004

NU

428.      Sherry

Irving

 

1997

BC

429.      Florence

Isaac

 

 

BC

430.      Miranda

Isaac

 

 

BC

431.      Roxanne

Isadore

23

2007

AB

432.      Monica

Jack

12

1978

BC

433.      Doreen

Jack

26

1989

BC

434.      Helena

Jack

71

2004

BC

435.      Laverne

Jack

 

 

BC

436.      Bonnie

Jack

37

2006

AB

437.      Jane

Jack

22

1995

ON

438.      Barbara

Jack

14

1972

Y.K.

439.      Sally

Jackson

 

 

BC

440.      Lynn

Jackson

34

2004

AB

441.      Helen

Jacobs

73

2006

ON

442.      Yvonne

Jacobson

37

2001

AB

443.      Jessica

James

 

2005

BC

444.      Cynthia

Jamieson

 

2002

ON

445.      Annette

Janvier

36

2001

AB

446.      Jennifer

Janz

16

1991

AB

447.      Kimberly 

Jararuse

20

2010

NFLD

448.      Honey

Jerry

0

2007

AB

449.      Mary

Jimmie

 

1987

BC

450.      Irene

Jimmy

 

1996

SK

451.      Cheryl

Joe

26

1992

BC

452.      Donna

Joe

22-32

 

NB

453.      Virginia

Johannsen

55

1994

AB

454.      Kayla

John

13

2004

BC

455.      Samantha

Johnings

1

1992

ON

456.      Martina

Johnnie

 

1994

BC

457.      Mary

Johns

 

1982

BC

458.      Pauline

Johnson

30

1985

BC

459.      Mary

Johnson

 

1980

BC

460.      Sandra

Johnson

18

1992

ON

461.      Cheryl

Johnson

 

2001

NS

462.      Tiffany

Johnston

21

2010

MB

463.      Courtney

Johnstone

26

2014

AB

464.      Tyeshia

Jones

18

2011

BC

465.      Lorna

Jones

 

 

 

466.      Nikita

Joseph

24

2012

BC

467.      Bonnie

Joseph

32

2007

BC

468.      Barbara

Joseph

43

2004

BC

469.      Deborah

Joseph

48

2012

BC

470.      Nina

Joseph

 

1980-1982

BC

471.      Shelley

Joseph

40

2004

ON

472.      S.

K.

1

2010

AB

473.      Donna

Kabatay

17-19

 

ON

474.      Kelsey

Kahpeechoose

13-19

2013

SK

475.      Tabitha

Kalluk

 

2002

NU

476.      Lori

Kasprick

14

1961

AB

477.      Ernestine

Kasyon

26

1989

SK

478.      Donna

Kasyon

 

2002

SK

479.      Dorothy

Kay

 

1952

AB

480.      Donna

Kayson

20

2002

SK

481.      Mary 

Keadjuk

24

1990

NWT

482.      Mary Rose

Keajuk

 

 

NWT

483.      Barbara

Keam

30

1981

AB

484.      Evelyn

Kebalo

55

1977

MB

485.      Tamra

Keepness

5

2004

SK

486.      Charity

Keesic

19

2001

ON

487.      Dawn

Keewatin

17

1982

SK

488.      Debbie

Kennedy

 

 

BC

489.      Minnie

Kenoajuak

 

1996

QC

490.      Charlene

Kerr

29

1990

BC

491.      Louise

Killiktee

31

2010

NU

492.      Aynsley

Kinch

35

2007

MB

493.      Cara

King

22

1997

AB

494.      Mary

King

 

 

ON

495.      Tanya

Kirchen

18

2005

MB

496.      Ruby

Kirkpatrick

24

1998

BC

497.      Donna

Kiss

25

1986

BC

498.      Emiline

Kitchener

34

2012

SK

499.      Virginia

Kitty

46

2008

ON

500.      Katrina

Kiyoshk

17

2005

ON

501.      Krystle

Knott

16

2005

AB

502.      Kayla

Koks

22

2012

BC

503.      Maricia

Koostachin

 

2005

MB

504.      Sandy

Korba

22

2001

BC

505.      Judy

Kozma

14

1981

BC

506.      Mary

Kreiser

49

1987

AB

507.      Donna

Kusugak

 

2003

NU

508.      Bea

Kwaronihawi Barnes

17

2010

 QC

509.      Shana

Labatte

30

2004

BC

510.      Therese

Labbe

47

1989

ON

511.      Leanne

Laboucan

22

2007

AB

512.      Francesca

Laboucan

23

2003

AB

513.      Shirley

Laboucan

 

2003

AB

514.      Mary

Laboucan

 

2012

NWT

515.      Bella

Laboucan-McLean

26

2013

 ON

516.      Madelene

Lachance

14

2015

SK

517.      Charlotte

Lafferty

 

2014

NWT

518.      Linda

Lafferty

 

2012

NWT

519.      Karen

Lafond

21

2003

SK

520.      Elaine

LaForme

48

2012

ON

521.      Alinda

Lahteenmaki

23

2009

MB

522.      Debbie

Lake

29

2002

AB

523.      Marie

Laliberte

47

1997

BC

524.      April

Lambert

12

1998

AB

525.      Marla

Lambert

34

2005

AB

526.      Stephanie

Lane

 

1997

BC

527.      Barbara

Laroque

21

1974

BC

528.      Brenda

Larose

 

1990

BC

529.      Danielle

LaRue

24

2002

BC

530.      Marie

Lasas

19

2006

SK

531.      Jamie

Lathlin

16

2010

MB

532.      Madeleine

Lavalee

30

 

 

533.     

Lavallee

23

1987

SK

534.      Heather

Lavallee

37

2013

SK

535.      Rhonda

Lavoie

22

1997

MB

536.      Lori

Lazore

46

2014

QC

537.      Doreen

Leclair

51

2000

MB

538.      Bernadette

Leclair

16

1987

 ON

539.      Delena

Lefthand Dixon

20

2008

AB

540.      Irene

LeGrande

 

1976

AB

541.      Mariella

Lennie

17

1991

NWT

542.      Mabel

Leo

18

1951

BC

543.      Lisa

Leo

 

 

BC

544.      Myrna

Letandre

36

2006

MB

545.      Geraldine

Letendre

30

2002

AB

546.      Susan

Levasseur

28

2004

MB

547.      Carmen

L'Hirondelle

25

2003

AB

548.      Mary

Lidguerre

30

1995

BC

549.      Monika

Lillmeier

 

 

BC

550.      Hope

Lincoln

2

2006

BC

551.      Roberta

Lincoln

 

 

BC

552.      Agnes

Linklater

16

2010

MB

553.      Richard (Kellie)

Little

28

1997

BC

554.      Verna

Littlechief

34

1978

BC

555.      Christina

Littlejohn

27

1968

MB

556.      Brenda

Logan

26

1996

BC

557.      Shirley

Lonethunder

25

1991

SK

558.      Leslie

Longjohn

28

2006

SK

559.      Barbara

Loon

34

2009

ON

560.      Malena

Loonskin

26

2014

AB

561.      Roxanne

Louie

26

2015

BC

562.      Kimber

Lucas

25

1994

NS

563.      Marcie

Lunt

20-22

1975

BC

564.      Evie

Luuku

39

1998

QC

565.      Sylvia

Lyall

41

2004

NU

566.      Verna

Lyons

 

 

BC

567.      Cynthia

Maas

35

2010

BC

568.      Jean

MacDonald

 

1999

ON

569.      Mitzi

MacDougall

27

1998

ON

570.      Dorinda

Machiskinic

38

2013

SK

571.      Marjorie

Mack

 

 

BC

572.      Pheobe

Mack

28

2002

BC

573.      Lois

Mackie

 

 

 

574.      Savannah

MacNeill

4

2004

BC

575.      Seraphina

MacNeill

4

2004

BC

576.      Rhoda

Maghagak

49

2004

NU

577.      Laura

Mah

42

1985

BC

578.      Margaret

Mahseelah

27

1963

BC

579.      Sandi

Malcolm

17

2010

MB

580.      Lisa

Malla

23

2008

NU

581.      Heather

Mallett

14

2011

MB

582.      Courtney

Mamakeesic 

20

2013

ON

583.      Mary

Mark

41

1975

BC

584.      Vanessa

Marlowe

 

2015

NWT

585.      Tania

Marsden

18

1998

MB

586.      Diane

Marshall

43

2006

ON

587.      Kristal

Martin

32

1999

BC

588.      Delilah

Martin

 

 

BC

589.      Dorothy

Martin

 

1996

MB

590.      Mary Rose

Martin

28

1985

NWT

591.      Alissa

Martin-Travers

5

2008

ON

592.      Mavis

Mason

29

1990

AB

593.      Sarah

Mason

44

1997

ON

594.      Shelly

Mathieu-Read

45

2007

ON

595.      Adele

Matinat

22

2004

ON

596.      Liana

Matthewson

44

2008

ON

597.      Dominique

McCann

19

2011

 MB

598.      Colleen

McDonald

19

1999

MB

599.      Jocelyn

McDonald

16

2000

ON

600.      Jamie

McGuire

20

1994

MB

601.      Roberta

McIvor

32

2011

SK

602.      Monica

McKay

18

2000

BC

603.      Chloey

McKay

13

2013

MB

604.      Honey

McKay

21

2003

MB

605.      Madison

McKay

22

2013

MB

606.      Sylvia

McKay

35

1991

MB

607.      Belinda

McKay

38

2012

MB

608.      Corrine

McKeown

52

2000

MB

609.      Leanne

McLean

23

2012

MB

610.      Julie

McLeod

 

1993

BC

611.      Jean

McMaster

 

1992

AB

612.      Mary Anne

Medwayosh

23

1981

BC

613.      Talia

Meguinis

27

2012

AB

614.      Andria

Meise

 

2010

BC

615.      Viola

Melvin

65

1977

ON

616.      Rose

Merasty

 

 

BC

617.      Sharon

Merasty

18

1993

SK

618.      Destiny

Merasty

26

2015

SK

619.      Cherissa-Lynn 

Mercer

14

2001

 BC

620.      Janelle

Mercredi

20

1986

AB

621.      Paige

Merrick-Klyne

1

2005

MB

622.      Angela

Meyer

27

2010

NWT

623.      Kathy

Michael

 

2013

NU

624.      Deidre

Michelin

21

1993

NFLD

625.      Marie

Mike

22

1964

SK

626.      Tatum

Miles

19

2012

MB

627.      Henrietta

Millek

25

1982

NFLD

628.      Karen

Miller

31

2000

BC

629.      Victoria

Mink

43

2011

MB

630.      Maggie

Mink

26

1987

BC

631.      Eva

Mitchell

83

2004

BC

632.      Katy

Mitchell

19

1999

MB

633.      Natasha

Moar

21

2009

MB

634.      Jean

Moccasin

 

1961

SK

635.      Jean

Mocharski

43

1961

MB

636.      Paige

Moloi-Straightnose

18

2010

 MB

637.      Corrina

Monkman

11

2014

MB

638.      Natasha

Montgomery

23

2010

BC

639.      Myrna

Montgrand

14

1979

SK

640.      Gloria

Moody

 

1969

BC

641.      Mary

Moose

 

1958

MB

642.      Lisa

Moosomin

 

 

BC

643.      Corrine

Moosomin

25

1986

SK

644.      Gloria

Morden

34

1996

ON

645.      Brenda

Moreside

 

2005

AB

646.      Savanah

Morin

20

2012

AB

647.      Marlene

Morowski

35

 

AB

648.      Kelly

Morriseau

27

2006

QC

649.      Glenda

Morriseau

19

1991

MB

650.      Gale

Morrison

29

1993

BC

651.      Tiffany

Morrison

 

2006

QC

652.      Shannon

Morrissette

5

1992

AB

653.      Mae

Morton

17

1973

ON

654.      Alacie

Moses

20

2004

QC

655.      Maureen

Mosie

33

1981

BC

656.      Samantha

Muldoe

6

1988

BC

657.      Audrianna

Munroe

22

2007

BC

658.      Marilyn

Munroe

14

2009

MB

659.      Jacqueline

Murdock

28

1997

BC

660.      Teresa

Murdock

23

1990

MB

661.      Irma

Murdock

38

2000

MB

662.      Jackie

Myerion

25

2004

BC

663.      Jean

Myra

31

1990

NS

664.      Jennifer

Naglingniq

13

2002

NU

665.      Jarita

Naistus

20

2005

AB

666.      Pamela

Napoleon

42

2014

BC

667.      Shelley

Napope

16

1992

SK

668.      Victoria

Nashacappo

 

2002

SK

669.      Susan

Natar

29

2003

NU

670.      Minnie

Natchequan

37

2008

QC

671.      Maggie

Natomagan

74

1976

SK

672.      Cheryl

Nayneecassum

22

2003

SK

673.      Debbie

Neaslose

 

 

BC

674.      Heather

Nelson

19

1982

BC

675.      Tanya

Nepinak

31

2011

MB

676.      Alice

Netemegesic

 

1970s

ON

677.      Melissa

Nicholson

17

1991

BC

678.      Delphine

Nikal

15

1990

BC

679.      Cecilia

Nikal

18

1989

BC

680.      Mary

Norn

10

1951

NWT

681.      Dorothy

Norn

 

1951

NWT

682.      Jessica

Noskey

25

2001

AB

683.      Madeline

Noskey

 

 

AB

684.     

Noskiye

2

2013

AB

685.      Alacie

Nowrakudluk

35

1994

QC

686.      Kiona

Oakes

1

2007

SK

687.      Breanne

Oberman

16

2010

MB

688.      Maisy

Odjick

16

2008

QC

689.      Roberta

Okeymow

24

1998

AB

690.      Crystal

Okimaw

24

2006

BC

691.      Desiree

Oldwoman

21

2011

AB

692.      Samara

Olsen

0

2004

YK

693.      Olivia

Olson

4

1979

BC

694.      Cherish

Oppenheim

16

2001

BC

695.      Charlene

Orshalak

17

1987

MB

696.      Claudette

Osborne

21

2008

MB

697.      Helen

Osborne

 

1971

MB

698.      Emily

Osmond

78

2007

SK

699.      Betsy

Owens

15

1988

MB

700.      Vivian

Paddy

33

2001

AB

701.      Holly

Painter

18

1995

ON

702.      Viola

Panacheese

42

1991

ON

703.      Desery

Panaktak

19

2011

NU

704.      Charlene

Panamick

36

 

ON

705.      Amelia

Papastesis

26

2006

SK

706.      Georgina

Papin

 

1999

BC

707.      Joyce

Paquette

 

 

BC

708.      Tricia

Paquette

8

1978

ON

709.      Fabian (Faye)

Paquette

42

2002

BC

710.      Micheline

Pare

 

1970

BC

711.      Stephanie

Pare

32

2006

ON

712.      Nicole

Parisien

33

2007

BC

713.      Edwina

Park

42

2006

SK

714.      Katrina

Parkinson

19

2005

SK

715.      Carol

Pascal

24

1992

MB

716.      Precious

Pascal

 

2004

MB

717.      Crystal

Paskemin

21

2000

SK

718.      Barbara

Paul

 

1981

BC

719.      Maxine

Paul

 

1981

BC

720.      Samantha

Paul

26

2013

AB

721.      Shawna

Paul

34

2015

AB

722.      Sherry

Paul

 

1993

MB

723.      Emma

Paul

 

1991

NS

724.      Cindy

Paulson

32

2001

AB

725.      Peggy

Pavel

 

 

BC

726.      Cecilia

Payash

47

1957

ON

727.      Valerie

Paypompee

36

2009

MB

728.      Rhonda

Pedersen

2

1969

SK

729.      Grace

Pedersen

8

1969

SK

730.      Bernadette

Pedersen

30

1969

 SK

731.      Janet

Pelletier

 

 

BC

732.      Deborah

Pelletier

15

2015

SK

733.      Heather

Pelletier

30

1988

ON

734.      Patricia

Pendleton

29

1992

BC

735.      Krista

Penunsi

15

2014

SK

736.      Mary

Periard

70

2005

AB

737.      Margaret

Perrault

32

1988

ON

738.      Angeline

Pete

28

2011

BC

739.      Thelma

Pete

43

2004

BC

740.      Jennifer

Pete

 

 

BC

741.      Anne

Peters

22

2008

BC

742.      Rose

Peters

28

1988

BC

743.      Bonnie

Peters

 

 

BC

744.      Maxine

Peters

34

2004

ON

745.      Pearl

Peterson

9

1967

SK

746.      Dorothy

Peterson

11

1967

SK

747.      Mary

Peterson

13

1967

SK

748.      Jean

Peterson

17

1967

SK

749.      Evelyn

Peterson

42

1967

SK

750.      Spring

Phillips

26

2009

ON

751.      Laura

Pilon

22

1992

ON

752.      Tanya

Pinette

15

2000

QC

753.      Jenny

Pingo

33

2011

NWT

754.      Tammy

Pipe

24

1995

BC

755.      Marjorie

Pironen

 

 

BC

756.      Monique

Pitre

30

2003

AB

757.      Denise

Pompana

31

1988

MB

758.      Wendy

Poole

26

1989

BC

759.      Angela

Poorman

29

2014

MB

760.      Dorette 

Potts

 

2012

AB

761.      Amber

Potts Jaffary

16

1988

ON

762.      Jeanie 

Poucachie

20

2003

QC

763.      Terrilynne

Poulette

17

2005

NS

764.      Denise

Providence

26

2006

AB

765.      Leah

Qavavauq

 

2005

QC

766.      Bernadine

Quewezance

36

2012

SK

767.      Karen

Quill

1

1997

SK

768.      Judy

Quill

35

2009

ON

769.      Patricia

Quinn

33

2008

BC

770.      Rachel

Quinney

19

2004

AB

771.      Isabella

Rain-Ayala

2

2005

BC

772.      Sandra

Ramsay

41

2010

SK

773.      Wendy

Ratté

44

1997

BC

774.      Diana

Rattlesnake

48

2004

SK

775.      Bernice

Redhead

1

1968

MB

776.      Jaylene

Redhead

1

2009

MB

777.      Lorna

Redhead

42

2009

MB

778.      Amber

Redman

19

2005

SK

779.      Jessica

Redman

27

2012

SK

780.      Kelly

Reilly

24

2001

AB

781.      Susan

Reinhardt

40

2006

SK

782.      Michelle

Remi

 

2003

BC

783.      April

Reoch

 

2000

BC

784.      Bernice

Rich

21

2013

NFLD

785.      Cherie

Richard

20

2012

MB

786.      Marena

Riding-at-the-Door

 

BC

 

787.      Darlinda

Ritchey

 

1986

BC

788.      Belinda

Ritchie

 

 

 

789.      Lorraine

Rivers

18

1966

ON

790.      Delores

Rivet

 

 

BC

791.      Carol

Riviere

 

2006

AB

792.      Nya

Robailard

 

 

 

793.      Jodi

Roberts

24

2013

SK

794.      Michelle

Robichaud

17

2000

ON

795.      Marie

Roper

17

1967

BC

796.      Shirley

Rosette

44

2006

BC

797.      Naomi

Ross

16

2010

MB

798.      Tasha

Rossette

21

2005

BC

799.      Mertyl

Roy

 

 

BC

800.      Rhonda

Running Bird

25

1995

AB

801.      Irene

Ruth

26

1963

BC

802.      Roberta

Saddleback

20s

 

BC

803.      Liz

Sakakeesic

 

1994

ON

804.      Gillian

Salopree

28

2010

AB

805.      Virginia

Sampare

18

1974

BC

806.      Katelynn

Sampson

7

2008

ON

807.      Cynthia

Sanderson

24

2002

SK

808.      Simone

Sanderson

23

2012

MB

809.      Aielah

Saric-Auger

14

2006

BC

810.      Janice

Saul

 

 

BC

811.      Crystal

Saunders

24

2007

MB

812.      Loretta

Saunders

26

2014

NS

813.      Sophia

Schmidt

0

1996

MB

814.      Laurie

Scholtz

 

 

BC

815.      Linda

Scott

29

2000

AB

816.      Cindy

Scow

28

2012

BC

817.      Elsie

Sebastian

40

1992

BC

818.      Joyce 

Semmler

 

1985

NWT

819.      Mary Jane

Serloin

35

1981

AB

820.      Geraldine

Settee

11

1970

MB

821.      Lorena

Severight

 

1996

SK

822.      Margaret

Sewap

33

2011

SK

823.      Edna

Shade

 

1987

BC

824.      Barbara

Shapwaykeesic

29

1989

ON

825.      Rowena

Sharpe

38

2012

NB

826.      Lisa

Sheepskin

18

2000

SK

827.      Rachel

Shepherd

46

2013

SK

828.      Natalia Marie

Shingoose

2

2012

SK

829.      Colleen

Shook

24

1975

BC

830.     

Shore

 

1996

SK

831.      Dorcas

Shorson

 

2003

BC

832.      Ramona

Shuler

 

2003

BC

833.      Therena

Silva

 

2002

MB

834.      Cheryl

Sim

53

2010

BC

835.      Verna

Simard

50

2011

BC

836.      Amanda

Simpson

4

1999

BC

837.      Pheonix

Sinclair

5

2005

MB

838.      Carolyn

Sinclair

25

2011

MB

839.      Lorraine

Sinclair

37

1997

MB

840.      Mary

Sinclair

45

1999

MB

841.      Beatrice

Sinclair

65

1974

MB

842.      Sarah

Skunk

43

1995

ON

843.      Naiomi

Skye

25

1997

BC

844.      Carla

Slots

29

2000

BC

845.      Cindy-Lou

Smaaslet

21

1987

ON

846.      Darlene

Small-Legs

 

 

BC

847.      Cheri

Smith

18

1990

BC

848.      Carla

Smith

27

2011

BC

849.      Julie

Smith

33

2002

BC

850.      Mary

Smith

 

1998

BC

851.      Edna

Smith

24

1983

SK

852.      Mary

Smith

25

1999

MB

853.      Ashley

Smith

18

2007

ON

854.      Marietta

Smoker

 

 

BC

855.      Peggy

Snow

 

 

BC

856.      Ingrid

Soet

40

1989

BC

857.      Felicia

Solomon

16

2003

MB

858.      Danika

Solway

3

2002

SK

859.      Starr

Solway

 

2002

SK

860.      Bernice

Soosay

 

1986

AB

861.      April

Sparvier

24

2006

SK

862.      Dorothy

Spence

32

1995

BC

863.      Stella

St. Arnault

15

1971

AB

864.      Jeanine

St. Jean

42

2007

ON

865.      Bernadine

Standingready

26

1991

BC

866.      Jacqueline

Stanicia

40

2003

MB

867.      Florence

Starr

 

1960s

BC

868.      Cindy

Stevenson

 

1999

MB

869.      Dianne

Stewart

42

1996

BC

870.      Kathy

Stewart

 

1991

BC

871.      Carol

Stewart

0

1972

SK

872.      Evelyn

Stewart

25

1998

MB

873.      Jennifer

Stewart

36

2010

ON

874.      Luanne

Stolarchuk

 

 

BC

875.     

Stonehouse

24

 

 

876.      Cybil

Stoney

37

2009

ON

877.      Donna

Stony

 

 

 

878.      Francesca

St-Pierre

14

2007

QC

879.      Vivian

Sula Enuaraq

29

2011

NU

880.      Tashina

Sutherland

23

2012

BC

881.      Jane

Sutherland

20

1984

QC

882.      Meloni

Sutton

18

2003

ON

883.      Mandy

Suvissak

2

2005

NU

884.      Janet

Sylvestre

 

1994

SK

885.      Vanessa

Tagoona

29

2009

ON

886.      Kerry

Takkiruq

19

2011

AB

887.      Leslie

Talley

29

2010

AB

888.      Norma

Tashoots

17

1989

BC

889.      Donna

Taylor

36

2007

BC

890.      Noreen

Taylor

32

2001

MB

891.      Wanda

Taylor

44

2010

ON

892.      Eva

Taysup

22

1992

SK

893.      Donna

Tebbenham

16

1987

ON

894.      Roxanne

Thiara

15

1994

BC

895.      Judith

Thibault

 

2000

ON

896.      Lalonnie

Thibert

25

1993

BC

897.      Sonia

Thomas

41

2010

BC

898.      Mary

Thomas

 

1971

BC

899.      Patricia

Thomas

 

1984

BC

900.      Stephanie

Thomas

 

1998

BC

901.      Cassandra

Thomas

1

2003

MB

902.      Francine

Thomas

1

1993

MB

903.      Tina

Thompson

20

1993

BC

904.      Josephine

Thompson

 

1971

ON

905.      Ann

Threlfell

24

1980

BC

906.      Mary Ann

Thunder

83

2014

AB

907.      Arlene

Thunder

 

1994

AB

908.      Heather

Thurier

23

2010

AB

909.      Joyce

Tillotson

42

1993

SK

910.      Lavina

Tocher

35

1991

SK

911.      Destiny

Tom

21

2013

BC

912.      Helena

Tomat

17

1989

BC

913.      Elsie

Tomma

 

 

BC

914.      Belinda

Tootiak

30

2008

NU

915.      Deborah

Toulouse

41

2002

ON

916.      Tami

Tracey

17

1990

BC

917.      Heaven

Traverse

1

2005

MB

918.      Flora

Trout

44

2010

MB

919.      Amber

Tuccaro

20

2010

AB

920.      Heather

Tuckatuck

23

2001

NWT

921.      Rachel

Turley

20

1985

BC

922.      Lucie

Turmel

 

1990

AB

923.      Tatia

Ulm

39

2005

MB

924.      Lorna

Ulmer-Billy

15

2005

BC

925.      Theresa 

Umphrey

39

1993

BC

926.      Sherry

Upright

25

1999

AB

927.      Tracy

Uttak

26

2012

NU

928.      Margaret

Vedan

41

1988

BC

929.      Chantal

Venne

 

1986

BC

930.      Carol

Viau

41

1985

ON

931.      Brandy

Vittrekwa

17

2014

Y.K.

932.      C.

W.

 

2001

SK

933.      Adriane

Wadhams

6

1989

BC

934.      Patricia

Wadhams

 

 

BC

935.      Christina

Wallace

72

2004

BC

936.      Tanya

Wallace

 

 

BC

937.      Wilhelmina

 Wanner

52

1989

AB

938.      Maxine

Wapass

23

2002

SK

939.      Shirley

Waquan

39

2007

AB

940.      Misty

Ward

27

2012

AB

941.      Jennifer

Ward

26

2008

MB

942.      Wilma

Wasicuna

42

1998

MB

943.      Sophie

Wassaykeesic

 

1976

ON

944.      Kaylee

Watchmaker

14

2014

SK

945.      Calinda

Waterhen

22

1992

SK

946.      Gail

Watt

42

2007

MB

947.      Sarah

Wawia

 

1966

ON

948.      Christine

Weller

12

1980

BC

949.      Patricia

Wells

28

1975

ON

950.      Frances

Wendland

 

1985

SK

951.      Janine

Wesaquate

20

2004

SK

952.      Brandy

Wesaquate

29

2012

SK

953.      Glenda

Wesley

 

1994

MB

954.      Mariah

Wesley

18

2009

ON

955.      Shelly

Westby

47

2005

BC

956.      Jaime

Wheeler

20

2000

SK

957.      Marilyn

Whiskeyjack

42

2007

BC

958.      Katrina

Whitecrow

 

 

ON

959.      Celine

Whitehawk

0

2008

SK

960.      Rhonda

Whitehead

 

1999

AB

961.      Delores

Whiteman

40

1987

SK

962.      Kathleen

Whiteman

26

1985

ON

963.      Chasidy

Whitford

2

2002

BC

964.      Florence

Whitford

 

1986

AB

965.      Alberta

Williams

24

1989

BC

966.      Angela

Williams

31

2001

BC

967.      Belinda 

Williams

 

1978

BC

968.      Olivia

Williams

 

1996

BC

969.      Teressa

Williams

 

1988

BC

970.      Betty

Williams

 

 

BC

971.      Cindy

Williams

 

 

BC

972.      Geraldine

Williams

 

 

BC

973.      Ruby

Williams

 

 

BC

974.      Lisa

Willier

15

2004

AB

975.      Adrienne

Wilson

6

1989

BC

976.      Emma

Wilson

20

2009

BC

977.      Mona

Wilson

26

2001

BC

978.      Ramona

Wilson

 

1994

BC

979.      Hillary

Wilson

18

2009

MB

980.      Therssa

Wilson

30

2010

ON

981.      Brenda

Wolfe

31

1999

BC

982.      Wannitta

Wolfe

18

1999

SK

983.      Karina

Wolfe

20

2010

SK

984.      Sandra

Wolfsteiner

16

1981

BC

985.      Sunshine

Wood

16

2004

MB

986.      Marie

Wood

38

2010

MB

987.      Gail

Worm

 

 

BC

988.      Lorraine

Wray

 

1990

AB

989.      Chrystal

Wright

19

1991

BC

990.      Laurie

Wyley

46

2009

AB

991.      Theresa

Yakimchuk

 

1973

ON

992.      Annie

Yassie

13

1974

MB

993.      Lisa

Young

21

2002

BC

994.      Judy

Young

40

2006

AB

995.      Jane

Mary

 

 

SK

996.      Amelia

 

1

2004

MB

997.      Melanie

 

5

2006

NU

**

Suggestions for Further Reading:

Book Cover Neither Indian Princesses Nor Easy Squaws

Kah’Ki Yaw Ni Wahkomakanak: Neither Indian Princesses Nor Easy Squaws, by Janice Acoose/Misko-Kisikawihkwe

About: In an impressive and powerful first book, Janice Acoose deconstructs stereotypical images of Indigenous women in popular literature. Exposing "literature" as an institution of a Euro-Canadian nation shaped by white, Christian patriarchy, Acoose calls attention to its projections of Indigenous women as Indian princesses, easy squaws, suffering helpless victims and tawny temptresses. With clarity and depth, Acoose traces the bars of literature imprisoning Indigenous women in images born of racism and sexism. From Margaret Laurence to William Patrick Kinsella, she interrogates the words that hurt, challenging liberalism, upending complacency and leaving the prison doors gaping. Iskwewak: Neither Indian Princesses nor Easy Squaws is a strong addition to literary and cultural criticism and an important resource for teachers and students alike.

"The Situation of Indigenous Peoples in Canada," Report of the United Nations Special Rapporteur on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, 2014, James Ananya

About: In the present report, the Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples examines the human rights situation of indigenous peoples in Canada on the basis of research and information gathered from various sources, including during a visit to Canada from 7 to 15 October 2013. The visit was a follow-up to the 2004 visit to and report on Canada by the previous Special Rapporteur. During his visit, the Special Rapporteur met with government officials at the federal level, and at the provincial level in six provinces. 

Book Cover Torn from Our Midst

Torn from our Midst: Voices of Grief, Healing and Action from the Missing Indigenous Women Conference, by A. Brenda Anderson, Wendee Kubik, and Mary Rucklos Hampton

About: Responding to the profound tragedy inherent in these statistics, more than 300 women and men gathered in August 2008 at a conference entitled Missing Women: Decolonization, Third Wave Feminisms, and Indigenous People of Canada and Mexico. Here, personal stories and theoretical tools were brought together, as academics, activists, family members of missing and murdered women, police, media, policy-makers, justice workers, and members of faith communities offered their perspectives on the issue of racialized, sexualized violence.

Torn from Our Midst includes images and voices from the conference, together with additional reflections, both academic and personal, on the effects of violence and the possibilities for healing. The purpose of this volume is to raise awareness about missing and murdered women and to challenge communities to be courageous enough to look at the heart of this issue, to recognize the systems that allow such atrocities, and to seek justice and healing for all.

Book Cover Capturing Women

Capturing Women: The Manipulation of Cultural Imagery in Canada's Prairie West, by Sarah Carter

About: Consisting of a series of stories, events, and episodes, the book highlights shifting patterns, attitudes, and perspectives toward women in the Prairies. One of Carter's overarching themes is that women are seldom in a position to invent or project their own images, identities, or ideas of themselves, nor are they free to fully author their own texts. Focusing on captivity narratives, a popular genre in the United States that has received little attention in Canada, Carter looks at depictions of white women as victims of Aboriginal aggressors and explores the veracity of a number of accounts, including those of Fanny Kelly and Big Bear captives Theresa Delaney and Theresa Gowanlock, Canada's most famous captives. Carter also examines depictions of Aboriginal women as sinister and dangerous that appeared in the press as well as in government and some missionary publications. These representations of women, and the race and gender hierarchies created by them, endured in the Canadian West long after the last decades of the nineteenth century. Capturing Women fits into a growing body of literature on the question of women, race, and imperialism. Carter adopts a colonial framework, arguing that while the Prairies do not readily conjure up the powerful images of Empire, fundamental features of colonialism are clearly present in the extension of the power of the Canadian state and the maintenance of sharp social, economic, and spatial distinctions between the dominant and subordinate populations. She highlights similarities between images of women on the Prairies and symbols of women in other colonial cultures, such as the memsahib in Britain and the Indian captive in the United States.

Remembering Vancouver’s Disappeared Women: Settler Colonialism and the Difficulty of Inheritance, by Amber Dean (forthcoming from University of Toronto Press)

About: This is the first book-length scholarly examination of the representational practices and cultural productions that bring the story of the disappearances or murders of women from the Downtown Eastside neighbourhood in Vancouver to a wider public. The book examines a diverse array of cultural productions, including police posters, documentary film and photography on the Downtown Eastside, media representations and artists’ renderings of some of the missing women, memorials (both permanent and performance-based), selected media coverage of the Pickton trial, social justice activism, and self-representations by some of the women who have been disappeared (including poetry, journal entries and participation in activist work). The book explores the potential that these various cultural productions hold for provoking a much wider sense of implication in the disappearances or murders of the women in question, and in doing so it provides provocations for reconsidering how and why these events were possible in the first place. (More information here.) 

"What Their Stories Tell Us: Research Findings from the Sisters in Spirit Initiative," by the Native Women’s Association of Canada

About: As of March 31, 2010, the Native Women’s Association of Canada (NWAC) has gathered information about the disappearance or death of more than 580 Aboriginal women and girls across Canada. This finding is the result of quantitative and qualitative research carried out over a period of five years. In 2005, NWAC secured funding for the Sisters In Spirit initiative—a five-year research, education and policy initiative supported by Status of Women Canada—to address the root causes, circumstances and trends of missing and murdered Aboriginal women and girls. NWAC has collected the evidence to document, in systematic way, issues of violence that women, families, and communities had been pointing to for the last generation.

Book Cover Conquest

Conquest: Sexual Violence and American Indian Genocide, by Andrea Smith

About: A recognized Native American scholar and co-founder of INCITE! Women of Color Against Violence, the largest grassroots, multiracial feminist organization in the country, Andrea Smith (Cherokee) is an emerging leader in progressive political circles. In Conquest, Smith places Native American women at the center of her analysis of sexual violence, challenging both conventional definitions of the term and conventional responses to the problem.

Beginning with the impact of the abuses inflicted on Native American children at state-sanctioned boarding schools from the 1880s to the 1980s, Smith adroitly expands our conception of violence to include environmental racism, population control and the widespread appropriation of Indian cultural practices by whites and other non-natives. Smith deftly connects these and other examples of historical and contemporary colonialism to the high rates of violence against Native American women—the most likely women in the United States to die of poverty-related illnesses, be victims of rape and suffer partner abuse. 

Book Cover Finding Dawn

Finding Dawn, by Christine Welsh, National Film Board 2006

About: Acclaimed Métis filmmaker Christine Welsh presents a compelling documentary that puts a human face on a national tragedy: the murders and disappearances of an estimated 500 Aboriginal women in Canada over the past 30 years. This is a journey into the dark heart of Native women's experience in Canada. From Vancouver's Skid Row to the Highway of Tears in northern British Columbia, to Saskatoon, this film honours those who have passed and uncovers reasons for hope. Finding Dawn illustrates the deep historical, social and economic factors that contribute to the epidemic of violence against Native women in this country.

*****

Angela Sterritt

Biography: Angela Sterritt is an award-winning Gitxsan journalist, artist, writer and filmmaker from British Columbia who is a currently a CBC TV reporter. Sterritt has worked as a journalist for close to 15 years and has been with CBC since 2003.

Sterritt was recently awarded a prestigious William Southam Journalism Fellowship at Massey College in Toronto and is the first Aboriginal person to ever received the award since its inception in 1962. She recently completed two video documentaries for Journalists for Human Rights and acts as a consultant for various media clients.

Sterritt and her production team at CBC’s 8th Fire earned a nomination for a Canadian Screen Award for their digital platform with the groundbreaking TV series on Indigenous history and current realities.

She's also won Best Radio of the year at the ImagineNative Film Festival and two CBC Presidents awards for her work as a producer on CBC’s 8th Fire and a reporter at CBC’s Aboriginal Digital Unit.

Sterritt is also a visual artist and took on the dream of her life when she  animated and exhibited five of her original paintings on over 300 LCD screens on the Toronto Transit system, 33 English malls, and the Calgary Airport. The theme was the 1200+ missing and murdered Indigenous women in Canada.

She is now working on a non-fiction book and just closed an art show in Saskatchewan. She is also illustrating a number of books.

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